The Back

The term back is scientifically used to indicate the back part of .

Anatomy of the (human) back

There is a well-marked furrow stretching all the way down the middle line of the back from the external occipital protuberance to the cleft of the buttocks.

In this the spinous processes of the vertebrae can be felt, especially if the model bend forward. The cervical spines are difficult to feel, except the seventh and sometimes the second, and although the former is called the vertebra prominens, it is less easily felt than is that of the first thoracic.

In practice it is not very easy to identify any one spine with certainty: one method is to start from the prominent first thoracic and to count down; another is to join the lower angles of the two scapulae when the arms are hanging down, and to take the spine through which the line passes as the seventh.

The spinal furrow is caused by the prominence of the erector spinae muscles on each side; these become less well marked as they run upward. The outlines of the scapulae can be well seen; they cover the ribs from the second to the seventh inclusive. The scapular spine is quite subcutaneous, and can be followed upward and outward from the level of the third thoracic spine to the acromion, and so to the outer end of the clavicle.

On the lower margin of the acromion is a little tubercle known as the metacromial process or acromial angle, which is very useful for taking measurements from. The tip of the twelfth rib may usually be felt about two inches above the middle of the iliac crest, but this rib is very variable in length.

The highest point of the iliac crest corresponds to the fourth lumbar spine, while the posterior superior iliac spine is on a level with the second sacral vertebra. This posterior superior spine is not easily felt, owing to the ligaments attached to it, but there is usually a little dimple in the skin over it. By drawing horizontal lines through the 1st, 3rd and 5th lumbar spines, the transpyloric, subcostal and intertubercular lines or planes may be reproduced behind and the same viscera localized.

Hollinshead's Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back, 9e

Hollinshead's Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back, 9e

Author: David B. Jenkins PhD

Description

Learn everything you need to know about the anatomy of the limbs and back and how to apply the material to everyday activities and movements with this updated edition of the classic text. This user-friendly book is packed with detailed quick-reference tables and newly revised illustrations...

Healthy Back Anatomy

Healthy Back Anatomy

Author: Philip Striano Dr.

Description

Anyone who's ever had back pain knows how debilitating it can be. From a slight twinge when you walk to an all-consuming ache, it can keep you from working out, working at the office, and even getting out of bed...

Lippincott's Concise Illustrated Anatomy: Back, Upper Limb and Lower Limb

Lippincott's Concise Illustrated Anatomy: Back, Upper Limb and Lower Limb

Author: Ben Pansky

Description

The first title in the new three-volume Lippincott's Concise Illustrated Anatomy series, Back, Upper Limb and Lower Limb supports medical students as well as others studying anatomy—such as students in physical therapy, occupational therapy, physician assistant, and dental programs—or seeking a specialty reference for the clerkship years and beyond...

HMCS HAIDA: Anatomy of a Destroyer (Looking Back)

HMCS HAIDA: Anatomy of a Destroyer (Looking Back)

Author: Barry Gough

Description

The HMCS Haida is the most decorated ship in Canadian naval history. She won many Battle Orders during her life. She was active at D Day and in Korea. It is therefore appropriate that she became one of the very few ships to be saved from the wrecking yard and to become a first class museum...

Mechanical Low Back Pain: Perspectives in Functional Anatomy, 2e

Mechanical Low Back Pain: Perspectives in Functional Anatomy, 2e

Author: James A. Porterfield PT MA ATC

Description

The 2nd Edition of this unique book examines the functional anatomy of the lower back. From this perspective, it develops a system for evaluating the origins of mechanical low back pain, and recommends steps for developing safe, active rehabilitation programs...



 

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